Ekonomi-Politik Student Loan: Analisis Komparatif Kebijakan Kredit Pendidikan di Australia dan Malaysia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24036/scs.v12i2.878Keywords:
Income-Contingent Loan, Sosiologi Pendidikan, Time-Based Repayment LoanAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan praktik kebijakan kredit pendidikan (student loan) di Australia dan Malaysia. Riset ini didasarkan atas dua rumusan pertanyaan pokok: (a) apakah ada perbedaan antara model ICL dan TBRL? (b) Bagaimana dua sistem student loan itu dijalankan di Australia (ICL) dan Malaysia (TBRL) serta seperti apa dampaknya? Untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berupa analisis komparatif, khususnya komparasi kebijakan publik untuk menyingkap perbedaan konsep, teknis, dan implementasi dua sistem kebijakan pinjaman mahasiswa. Sumber data sepenuhnya menggunakan data sekunder dengan fokus utama pada artikel jurnal, buku, pemberitaan di media, dan laporan lembaga riset. Selain itu, peneliti ini mendayagunakan ekonomi-politik finansialisasi guna menganalisis secara kritis penerapan dan dampak dari kebijakan kredit pendidikan di Australia dan Malaysia. Temuan riset ini menunjukkan bahwa (a) terdapat perbedaan antara model ICL dan TBRL khususnya pada aspek waktu pengembalian dan batas minimum pendapatan peminjam dan (b) penerapan kredit pendidikan di Australia dan Malaysia menyebabkan finansialisasi pendidikan tinggi dan penyedotan finansial. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada argumen baru yang belum dieksplorasi dalam penelitian terdahulu tentang kebijakan kredit pendidikan: munculnya kredit pendidikan merupakan bentuk finansialisasi pendidikan tinggi yang disebabkan oleh berkurangnya investasi publik negara pada sektor pendidikan (the retreat of the state).
Downloads
References
Apap, V., Hawley, S., & Smiley, S. (2023). Freezing HECS-HELP indexation won’t put more money in your pocket in the short term. ABC News. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-04-19/hecs-indexation-explainer/102237170
Arwildayanto, L. N., & Rosadi, A. A. (2019). Transparency of education financing management at high school in Gorontalo City. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity, and Change. 5(1).
Barr, N. (2011). Financing Higher Education: Lessons from Economic Theory and Operational Experience. In Financing Higher Education and Economic Development in East Asia (pp. 25–48). The Australian University Press.
Barr, N., Chapman, B., Dearden, L., & Dynarski, S. (2017). Getting Student Financing Right in the US: Lessons from Australia and England. Centre for Global Higher Education, Working Paper Series.
Best, J., & Best, E. (2014). The Student Loan Mess. The University of California Press.
Busemeyer, M. R. (2009). Social democrats and the new partisan politics of public investment in education. Journal of European Public Policy, 16(1), 107–126. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760802453171
Busemeyer, M. R., Franzmann, S. T., & Garritzmann, J. L. (2013). Who Owns Education? Cleavage Structures in the Partisan Competition over Educational Expansion. West European Politics, 36(3), 521–546. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2012.753703
Chapman, B. (1997). Conceptual Issues and the Australian Experience With Income Contingent Charges for Higher Education. The Economic Journal, 107(442), 738–751. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.1997.tb00039.x
Chapman, B. (2013). Reinventing Student Loans: Paying What You Can. Solutions, 4(5).
Chapman, B., & Dearden, L. (2017). Conceptual and Empirical Issues for Alternative Student Loan Designs: The Significance of Loan Repayment Burdens for the United States. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 671(1), 249–268. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716217703969
Chapman, B., & Hicks, T. (2018). The political economy of the Higher Education Contribution Scheme. In B. Cantwell, H. Coates, & R. King (Eds.), Handbook on the Politics of Higher Education. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781786435026.00023
Chapman, B., & Ryan, C. (2005). The access implications of income-contingent charges for higher education: Lessons from Australia. Economics of Education Review, 24(5), 491–512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2004.08.009
Collins, R. (2019). The credential society: An historical sociology of education and stratification. Columbia University Press.
Edmiston, K. D., Brooks, L., & Shepelwich, S. (2013). Student loans: overview and issues. Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City Working Paper, (12-05).
Edward Wong, S. K., Nasharuddin, A., & Ismail, K. (2015). Education Loan Repayment and Performances: The Malaysian Graduates Perspectives. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 20(1), 158–172. https://doi.org/10.22452/jati.vol20no1.10
Elmira, E., Budhi Adrianto, & Suryadarma, D. (with Social Monitoring and Early Response Unit (Indonesia)). (2018). Financing higher education in Indonesia: Assessing the feasibility of an income-contingent loan system. SMERU Research Institute.
Fischer, F., Miller, G., & Sidney, M. S. (Eds.). (2007). Handbook of public policy analysis: Theory, politics, and methods. CRC/Taylor & Francis.
Garritzmann, J. L. (2016). The Political Economy of Higher Education Finance: The Politics of Tuition Fees and Subsidies in OECD Countries,1945–2015. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29913-6
Gupta, K. (2012). Comparative Public Policy: Using the Comparative Method to Advance Our Understanding of the Policy Process. Policy Studies Journal, 40(s1), 11–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0072.2012.00443.x
Haneza Ab Hamid. (2021). Financing Higher Education in Malaysia: PTPTN and Issues. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.36547.32808
Hegarty, N. (2023). Student Debt Indexation to Have Lifelong Impacts on Australians’ Borrowing Capacity. ABC News. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-05-31/hecs-student-debt-indexation-borrowing-capacity-futurity-study/102409826
Investment, F. (2023). Financial and Social Impact of the Cost of University Education Report. Futurity Investment Group.
Kenayathulla, H. B., & Tengyue, Z. (2016). Student Loans In Malaysia And China: Equity, Efficiency And Adequacy. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Management, 4(1), 64–85. https://doi.org/10.22452/mojem.vol4no1.5
Lapavitsas, C. (2009). Financialised Capitalism: Crisis and Financial Expropriation. Historical Materialism, 17(2), 114–148. https://doi.org/10.1163/156920609X436153
Lapavitsas, C., & Powell, J. (2013). Financialisation varied: A comparative analysis of advanced economies. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 6(3), 359–379. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rst019
Lapavitsas, K. (2013). Profiting without producing: How finance exploits us all. Verso.
Lazzarato, M., Lazzarato, M., & Lazzarato, M. (2012). The making of the indebted man: An essay on the neoliberal condition (J. D. Jordan, Trans.). Semiotext(e).
Maguire, D. (2023). HECS-HELP indexation is forecast to be higher this year. Is it still a “good debt”? ABC News. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-04-13/hecs-help-student-debt-university-fees-indexation-date-june-1/102179432
Marginson, S. (2016). The worldwide trend to high participation higher education: Dynamics of social stratification in inclusive systems. Higher Education, 72(4), 413–434. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-016-0016-x
Martinenghi, F. I. (2021). Increasing the price of a university degree does not significantly affect enrolment if income contingent loans are available: Evidence from HECS in Australia (Version 1). arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2102.03956
O’Flaherty, A., & Hamilton-Smith, L. (2023). University students relying on food banks, skipping meals as cost of living bites. ABC News. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-03-27/university-uq-food-crisis-cost-of-living-student-food-qut/102137568
University of London, & Lapavitsas, C. (2009). Financialisation, or the search for profits in the sphere of circulation. Ekonomiaz. Revista Vasca de Economía, 72(3). https://doi.org/10.69810/ekz.0989
Wan Jan, W. S. (2020). Malaysia’s Student Loan Company: Tackling the PTPTN Time Bomb. ISEAS Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1355/9789814881685
Zaki, A., Hapsari, N. R., Koraag, S. T. G., Mu’afi, M. I., & Rahmawati, K. (2023). Analisis Pertumbuhan Digital Entrepreneurship Startup Fintech Pada Segmentasi Produk Student Loan Indonesia. Paradigma: Jurnal Masalah Sosial, Politik, dan Kebijakan, 27(1), 82. https://doi.org/10.31315/paradigma.v27i1.8991
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Socius
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
