Stratifikasi Sosial dalam Institusi Keagamaan Hindu Bali: Pelestarian Budaya atau Ketimpangan Sosial?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24036/scs.v12i2.851Keywords:
Hindu Bali, Institusi keagamaan, Modernisasi kasta, Stratifikasi sosialAbstract
Stratifikasi sosial dalam masyarakat Hindu Bali merupakan fenomena yang memiliki kaitan erat dengan sistem keagamaan dan adat, khususnya melalui institusi pura dan desa pakraman. Dalam banyak kajian, institusi keagamaan cenderung dipahami sebagai ruang normatif pelestarian budaya dan harmoni sosial, sehingga peran dalam mengelola relasi hierarkis kurang dianalisis secara kritis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana stratifikasi sosial berbasis wangsa dilegitimasi, dipertahankan, dan dinegosiasikan melalui institusi keagamaan Hindu Bali di tengah dinamika modernisasi dan perubahan sosial. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif-analitis dengan menggunakan metode studi pustaka terkait artikel jurnal dan buku akademik yang relevan dengan kajian stratifikasi sosial dan sosiologi agama. Data dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis isi dengan menafsirkan praktik ritual, kepemimpinan adat, dan distribusi peran keagamaan dalam kerangka relasi kuasa simbolik. Hasil analisi menunjukkan bahwa sistem stratifikasi berbasis kasta masih berfungsi sebagai fondasi penting dalam pengorganisasian keagamaan, dimana kelompok Brahmana dapat memegang otoritas ritual utama, sementara kelompok Sudra lebih banyak berperan dalam fungsi teknis keagamaan. Namun demikian, dinamika kontemporer memperlihatkan adanya negosiasi simbolik yang dipengaruhi oleh pendidikan, mobilitas sosial, dan keterlibatan generasi muda, meskipun perubahan tersebut belum menghasilkan transformasi struktural yang signifikan. Penelitian ini menarik kesimpulan bahwa institusi keagamaan Hindu Bali berfungsi secara ambivalen, yakni sebagai sarana pelestarian budaya sekaligus mekanisme reproduksi ketimpangan simbolik, sehingga diperlukan ruang refleksi dan dialog agar pelestarian tradisi dapat berjalan seiring dengan prinsip keadilan sosial dan partisipasi yang lebih inklusif.
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